Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *(s)teg- (sth-)

Meaning: to cover

Old Indian: sthagati `to cover, hide, conceal', ptc. sthagita-

Old Greek: stégō, aor. stéksai̯, ps. stekhthē̂nai̯ `(be)decken, schützen, abwehren, dicht halten, tragen, aushalten'; stégos, tégos n., stégǟ f. `Dach, Decke, bedeckter Ort, Haus, Zimmer', *tégǟ f.: tégē = stégē, tégos D.C., Hsch.; steganó- `deckend, schirmend; bedeckt, versteckt', stegnó- `bedeckt, wasserdicht, verstopft'

Baltic: *stā̂g-a- (2) m.

Germanic: *ɵak-ja- vb., *ɵak-a- n., *ɵak-jō(n-) f., *ɵak-in-ō f.; *ɵak-ō f.; *stak-ōn- f.

Latin: tegō, -ere, tēxī, tēctum `decken; verbergen; verstecken; schirmen', tēctus, -a `bedeckt', tēctum, -ī n. `Dach, Zimmerdecke, Haus, Obdach'; teges, -etis `Decke', tegumen, -inis n. `Bedeckung, Decke, Hülle, Versteck'; tēgula f. `Dachziegel, Ziegeldach; Deckplatten', toga f. `Toga, männliches und weibliches Kleidungsstück'

Other Italic: Umbr tehteřim `tegimentum, tēctōrium'

Celtic: *tegos, *togje- etc. > Gaul Thigernum castrum;; OIr tech `Haus'; teg-lach `Hausgenossenschaft', tigerne `Herr'; -tuigur `ich decke'; tuige `stramen', im-thuge `Bedeckung, Bekleidung', ētach `Kleid'; OCymr tig `Haus', Cymr ty `Haus', teulu `Familie', teyrn `rex, tyrannus', am-do `amiculum, involucrum', to `Dach', toi `tegere'; OCorn ti `Haus', teilu `Familie', Corn to `Dach', OBret bou-tig `Kuhstall', Cato-tigerni

Russ. meaning: накрывать

References: WP II 620 f

Proto-IE: *(s)teig-

Meaning: to be sharp; to stab

Old Indian: téjate, ptc. tiktá- `to be or become sharp'; tigmá- `sharp, pointed', téjas- n. `sharp edge, point, top; brilliance, clearness', téjana- n. `sharpening, whetting; shaft of an arrow'

Avestan: taēɣa-, taēža- `scharf', m. `Schärfe', tiɣra- `spitz', tiži- (in Zs) `spitz', tiɣri- `Pfeil'

Other Iranian: OPers tigra- `spitz'; NPers tēɣ `Spitze, Schwert', tēz `scharf', tēǯ `Pfeil'

Old Greek: stízdō, aor. stíksai̯, ps. stikhthē̂nai̯, pf. ps. éstigmai̯, va. stiktó- `stechen, tätowieren, brandmarken', stígma n. `Stich, Malzeichen, Brandmarke', stigmǟ́ f. `Mal, Fleck, Pünktchen, Kleinigkeit', stigmó-s m. `Stich, Brandmarke', stíksi-s f. `das Stechen', stígōn, -ōnos m. `Gebrandmerker', stígo-s m., -n n. `Punkt', stíktǟ-s m. `Stecher, Brandmarker'

Baltic: *stig- (*steĩg-a-) vb. intr., *stī̂g- vb. intr.; *steĩg- (-ja-) vb. tr., *staig-ā̂ f., *staĩg-u-, *staĩg-n-[a]- adj., *staĩg-in̂- vb.

Germanic: *stik-i- c., *stak-i- c., *stik-a- vb., *stak-l=, *stai-k-ia- vb., etc.

Latin: īnstīgāre `anstacheln; anspornen, anreizen, aufhetzen'; īnstinguō, -ere, -xī, -ctum `anreizen', īnstīnctus, -ūs m. `Antrieb, Eingebung', interstinguō, -ere, -xī, -ctum `hin und wieder mit etwas besetzen', distinguō, -ere, -xī, -ctum `unterscheiden, trennen'

Russ. meaning: быть острым; вонзать острие

References: WP II 612 f

Comments: Germanic has hopelessly confused the roots *stek- and *stīk-. In Baltic it is almost as hopeless to search for traces of a distinction between *steigh- 'to tread' and *steig- 'to stab, pierce'.

Proto-IE: *steigh-

Meaning: to walk, to step

Old Indian: stighnoti, inf. -stígham, steghitum `to step, stride, step up, mount'

Old Greek: stéi̯khō, stíkhō, aor. stikhẹ̄̂n, perí-stei̯ksās (Hom.) `(in Ordnung) einherschreiten, marschieren, steigen, ziehen,; gehen'; gen. stikhós, pl. stíkhes, acc. -as f. `Glied(er), Reihe(n)'; stíkho-s m. `Reihe, Glied', stôi̯kho-s m. `Reihe od. Kolonne von Soldaten, Choreuten, Schiffen usw., Schicht von Bausteinen, Reihe von Bäšumen, Pfählen usw.'

Slavic: *stīgnǭ, aor. *stīgъ; *stьgā/*stьʒā, *stьgnā

Baltic: *stig- vb/ intr/. *steĩg- (-ja-) vb. tr., *staîg-ā̂- vb. (1)

Germanic: *stīg-a- vb., *stīg-a- m., *stig-a- m., *staig-ō f., *stīg-ō f., *stig-ō f., *steig-ō f., *staig-r-i- c., *stix-t-i- c., *stig-il-ō f., etc.

Latin: vestīgium, -ī n. `подошва ноги; подкова; отпечаток ноги, след'

Celtic: *tiktā, *teigho- etc. > OIr tiagu `ich schreite, gehe', techt `das Gehn; der Bote'; Cymr taith `Reise'; mor-dwy `Seefahrt'

Albanian: štek, best. štegu `Durchgang, eingang,Weg, Haarscheitel'

Russ. meaning: идти, шагать

References: WP II 614 f

Comments: In Baltic it is almost hopeless to search for traces of a distinction between *steigh- 'to tread' and *steig- 'to pierce, stab'. Lith. stìgti 'entbehren, nicht haben' can be explained as *'to have reached'. There is also Lith. stíegti 'ein Strohdach aufsetzen, das Dach mit Stroh decken; das Stroh (beim Dachdecken) ausbreiten, hinlegen' + stṓga-s 'Dach', that may be compared both with *(s)teg- and with Greek stôi̯khos, stíkhos etc. For "roof" cf. also Slav. *strēxā (looking similar to Lith. stíegti (?).

Proto-IE: *steip-, -b-

Meaning: stake, picket

Slavic: *stьpīcā (> Rus спица); *stьblo, *stьbьlь; *stībākъ (> Rus dial. стибак)

Baltic: *stī̂p-l-ā̂ f., *stip-in-ia- c.; *staîb-ia- c., *steĩb-r-a- c., *steîb-a- c., , *stib-ia- c., *stib-ā̂ f., *stib-ir-a- c., *steĩb-ar-a- c.

Germanic: *stīp=, *stīp-Vl=, *stīf=, *stif-il-a- m., *stib-il-a- m.

Latin: stīpes, -itis m. `Pfahl, Stamm, Stock, Stange', stipula f. `Strohhalm', stipa/stippa f. `Stab zur Stütze der Amphoren'

Russ. meaning: колья какие-то

References: WP II 646 f

Proto-IE: *steip-, -b-

Meaning: straight, hard; to press, ram

Armenian: stēp `häufig, unablässig, beständig, oft', stipem `dränge, nötige, zwinge', stipav, stipov `eilig, eifrig'

Old Greek: stéi̯bō, aor. kat-éstei̯psas (S. OC), va. stiptó- `(auf etw.) treten, durch Treten, dicht machen, fest-, zertreten', stibaró- `fest, gedrungen, massiv, stark', stoi̯bǟ́ f. `Stopfen, Kissen, Wulst etc.', stíbo-s m. `(der betretene) Weg, Pfad, Fusstapfe, Spur; Walkerei'

Baltic: *stip- vb. intr., *stī̃p- vb. intr., *stip-r-u- adj., *stip-iā̃ f., *stīp-ā̂ f., *steĩp- (-ja-) vb. tr., *staîb-ī̂- vb.; *steĩb- (-ja-) vb. tr., *stib- (*steib-a-), *steĩb- vb. intr.

Germanic: *stīf=

Latin: stīpāre `zusammendrängen, zusammenpressen, zusammenshäufen, gedrängt vollstopfen'

Russ. meaning: прямой, крепкий

References: WP II 646 f

Proto-IE: *st[e]l- (sth-) ?

Meaning: high and dry place

Old Indian: sthálā f., sthalī f. `a heap of artificially raised earth, mound; eminence, tableland'

Latin: locus, -ī, pl. locī/loca m., OLat stlocus, slocus `Ort, Platz, Stelle; Wohnort; Posten, Rang; Geeegenheit; Standpunkt, Verfassung'

Russ. meaning: возвышеннное, сухое место

References: WH

Proto-IE: *stela-, *stlā-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to spread

Hittite: istalk- (I) 'einebnen, glätten' (Tischler 422)

Slavic: *stьlātī, *steljǭ, *stelī́tī, *stelь, *steljā

Latin: lātus, -a `breit; breitspurig, gespreizt; weitläufig', stlatta f. `Kauffahrteischiff' (`genus navigii latum magis quam altum et a latitudine sic appellatum' Paul. Fest. 312)

Russ. meaning: расстилать, раскладывать

References: WP II 643

Proto-IE: *(s)telǝ-

Meaning: to be quiet, silent

Slavic: *tolī́tī

Baltic: *til̂- vb. intr., *til-in-ā̂- vb.

Germanic: *still-i- adj.

Celtic: *toleje- > OIr tuilid `schläft'

Russ. meaning: молчать, тихо сидеть

References: WP I 740 f

Proto-IE: *stelǝ- (sth-); *stAlǝn-, *stAlǝm- (sth-)

Meaning: stem, trunk

Old Indian: sthalati `to stand firm, be firm'; sthū́ṇā f. `post, pillar, column'

Avestan: stū̆na-, stunā `Säule'

Armenian: steɫn, pl. steɫunkh `Stamm, Schaft, Stengel, Zweig, Sprosse'

Old Greek: stéllō, -omai̯, aor. stẹ̄̂lai̯, -asthai̯, ps. stalē̂nai̯, stalthē̂nai̯, pf. éstola (Gramm.), ps. éstalmai̯ `in Ordnung bringen, fertigstellen, mit Waffen, Kleidern usw. ausrüsten, bekleiden; (zur Fahrt) bereit machen, entsenden; die Segel raffen, hemmen, einschränken', act. intr./med. bes. `zu sich bestelen, holen, sich (zur Fahrt) anschicken, abfahren; sich anziehen'; stólo-s m. `Ausrüstung (eines Heereszuges), Feldzug zu Wasser und zu Lande, Flotte, Heer, Schar, Zug, Fahrt', stolǟ́ f. `Rüstung; Kleid, Gewand; Hemmung, Druck, Einschrankung'; stolmó-s m. `Ausrüstung, Bekleidung'; stélma = stéphos, stémma Hsch.; ? stálik-s, -ikos f. `Pflock od. Pfosten zum Festmachen des Jagdnetzes'; aeol. spólā (Sappho) = stolǟ́; aor. inf. spellámenai = steilámenai Hsch., ptc. spoleîsa = staleîsa Hsch., eú-spolo- = euéimōn, eustaléos Hsch., 3 sg. ka-spéllei `stornǘei' (Hsch.), ft. ka-spoléō `hüpostorésō' (Sappho, Hsch.); stólo-s `Schiffsschnabel; Auswuchs, Stumpf, Anhängsel', stélekhos n. (/stélekho-s m.) `das Stammende an der Wurzel eines Baumes, Strunk, Klotz, Stamm, Ast'; steleǟ́, stelei̯ǟ́ (Hom.), steleó-n n., steleó-s/-ei̯ó-s m. (att. Inschr.), stẹ̄lei̯ǟ́ f. (Hom.), steileó-s m. (Hsch.), stẹ̄leiós m. (Aesop.) `Stiel einer Axt, einer Hacke, eines Hammers etc.'; stǟ́lǟ, aeol. stállā f. `Säule'; stǖ̂lo-s `Säule, Pfeiler, Stütze'

Baltic: *stul̂-m-a- (2) c., *stal̂-t-a- (1) adj.; *stal-ī̂- vb.

Germanic: *stil-a- n., *stil-u- c., *stal-an- m., *stull-an- m., -ō(n-) f.; *stall-a- m., n.; *stall-ia- vb.; *stall-i- adj.; *stall-ō- vb.

Latin: stolō, -ōnis m. `Wurzelschoss, der von der Wurzel ausschlägt und dem Stamm Nahrung entzieht'

Russ. meaning: ставить; ствол, столб

References: WP II 643 f

Comments: Greek has a contamination of the roots, *stel- and *skʷel-.

Proto-IE: *stemb-

Meaning: to trample down

Old Greek: stémbō `unaufhörlich schütteln; misshandweln, schmähen'

Germanic: *stamp-a- m., *stamp-ia- vb., *stamp-ō- vb.

Russ. meaning: топтать

References: WP II 623 f

Proto-IE: *stembh-

Meaning: to strengthen, to resist

Tokharian: B śćänm-, śćämn- 'to bind on, bind together, establish' (Adams 638)

Old Indian: stabhnā́ti, stabhnóti, stámbhate, -ti, pf. tastámbha, tastabhúḥ `to fix firmly, support, hold up; stop, stop up', ptc. stabhitá-, stabdha-; stambha- m. `post, pillar, column; support; stoppage, suppression', stambhana- n. `strengthening, supporting; stopping'

Avestan: stǝmbana- `Stütze', stawra- `fest'

Other Iranian: NPers sitabr, istabr `stark, gewaltig'

Old Greek: a-stemphḗs `unerschütterlich, fest'; stómpho-s m. `schwülstiger, hochtrabende Rede'

Baltic: *stem̃b-/*stem̂b- (-ja-) vb.

Russ. meaning: укреплять(ся), оказывать сопротивление

References: WP II 623 f

Proto-IE: *sten(ǝ)gh-

Meaning: to strain

Baltic: *stan̂g-ā̂ f., *stan̂g-u-, -r-u- adj.; *sten̂g- (-ja-) vb. tr., *stin̂g- vb. intr.

Germanic: *stang-ō f., *stang-il-a- m., *sting-Vl-a- m., *stung-ia- vb., *sting-a- vb.

Russ. meaning: напрягать(ся)

References: Fraenkel 895 f

Proto-IE: *sten(w)-

Meaning: narrow, tight

Old Greek: stenó-, ion. stẹ̄nó-, aeol. (Gramm.) `eng, eingeengt, schmal, knapp, schmächtig', ep. stẹ̄̂nos `Enge, enger Raum; Gedränge, Bedrängnis'

Germanic: *sténɵ-i- adj.

Russ. meaning: узкий, тугой

References: WP II 627

Proto-IE: *step-, -b- (sth-)

Meaning: to stop, to close

Hittite: istap(p)- (I/II) 'zudecken, verschliessen, einschliessen' (Tischler 432)

Old Indian: sthāpáyati `to cause to stand'

Slavic: *stopa, *stepenь

Baltic: *step-in̂- vb., *stap-in̂- vb.; *steb- vb. intr., *steb-in̂- vb., *stb-ē̂- vb., *steb-u- adj., *stab-ī̂- vb.

Germanic: *sta[b]-ja- vb., *stab-ē- vb., *sta[b]= adj.

Russ. meaning: останавливать, препятствовать

References: Fraenkel 891, 896, 899, 902

Proto-IE: *ster-

Meaning: barren

Tokharian: ? B śari 'calf, heifer?' (Adams 622)

Old Indian: starī́- f. `barren cow, heifer'

Armenian: sterǯ `unfruchtbar (von Tier)', sterd `ds.'

Old Greek: stêi̯ra f. `unfruchtbare', stéripho- `unfruchtbar'

Slavic: *sterīcā: болг. стерица `Gelte'

Germanic: *stir-ōn- f.; *stir-k-ia- n., *stir-k-(i)ōn- f.

Latin: sterilis, -e (OLat sterilus, -a) `unfruchtbar; leer, ertraglos'

Albanian: štjer_e junge Kuh, Lamm

Russ. meaning: я́ловая

References: WP II 640 f

Proto-IE: *ster-

Meaning: to steal

Old Greek: stéromai̯, sterískō, -omai̯ `beraubt sein, entbehren, verlustig gehen', aor. `beraubt werden, verlieren'

Celtic: *sterwā > MIr serb `Diebstahl'

Russ. meaning: воровать

References: WP II 636

Proto-IE: *stere-, *strē-

Meaning: strong, steady

Tokharian: A ṣtare 'effort' (*storo-), B śćīre 'hard, harsh' (*sterēn-) (Adams 639)

Old Greek: stereó- `steif, hart, fest, hartnäckig, standhaft, solid, normal, vorschriftsmässig', att. sterró- `id.', stéripho- `hart, fest', sterémnio- `id., solid', stêi̯ra f. `Vorderkiel, Vorsteven'; adv. strēnés `rauh, hart, schrill' (bes. von Lauten), strēnó- `rauh, hart, schrill', strē̂nos n. `Übermut, Zügellosigkeit, Üppigkeit'

Slavic: *stārātī

Baltic: *star-in̂- vb., *ster̂-/*stē̃r-, *stir̂-/*stī̃r- vb. inch.

Germanic: *starr-a- adj., *starr-i- adj., *star-an- m., *starr=, *starr-ia- vb., *sturr-an- m., *stur-n-i- adj., *stir-[d]=, etc.

Latin: strēnuus, -a `kräftig; rührig, betriebsam, unternehmend; schnell'; strēna `gutes Vorzeichen; das der guten Vorbedeutung halber gemachte Geschenk, bes. am Neujahrstag'

Celtic: *sterti-; *(s)trīn- > OIr seirt `Kraft'; Cymr serth `steif, starr'; trin `Mühe, Kampf'

Russ. meaning: крепкий, устойчивый

References: WP II 627 f

Proto-IE: *(s)ter(ǝ)p-

Meaning: end, edge

Old Indian: tarman- m.n. `top of the sacrificial post' (L.)

Old Greek: térthro-n n. `oberstes Ende (der Segelstande, Spitze), höchsster Punkt'; térma n. `Ziel (der Rennbahn), Endpunkt, höchster Punkt, oberste Gewalt', térmōn, -onos m. `Ende, Grenze, Kante'; térmi-s = poús Hsch.

Baltic: *tar̂pa- c.; *star̂pa- c. (2), *star̂p-ā̂ f. (2)

Latin: termō, -ōnis m. `Grenzstein', terminus, -ī m. `Grenzstein, Markstein, Grenze, Grenzgott; Ende, Ziel'; termen, -inis n. `id.'

Other Italic: Osk teremnattens `termināvērunt', teremníss, teremnatust `termināta est', teremenniú `termina'; Umbr termnom-e `ad terminum', termnas `terminātus'

Russ. meaning: конец, край

References: WP I 732 f

Proto-IE: *(s)terg(')-

Meaning: a k. of bird

Old Greek: tórgo-s m. `Geier'

Slavic: *stьrkъ (> ORus стьркъ)

Baltic: ? *ster̃k-a-, *star̃k-a-, -u- m.

Germanic: *sturk-a- m.

Russ. meaning: птица (крупная)

Proto-IE: *sterge-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to love

Old Greek: stérgō, aor. stérksai̯, pf. sterkhthē̂nai̯, pf. éstorga, ps. éstergmai̯ `Anhänglichkeit zeigen, Zuneigung hegen, zärtlich lieben', stérgēthro-n n. `Liebesmittel', stérgēma n. `Liebeszauber', storgǟ́ f. `Zuneigung, Liebe' <the root sterge- II>

Slavic: *stergǭ, *stérgtī

Celtic: OIr serc; Cymr serch `Liebe', Bret serc'h `Kebsweib'

Russ. meaning: любить

References: WP II 642

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